Biographical Notes on Edwin
Francis Walker (1872-1956)
by Paul
R. Secord, Pasadena, CA
September 2008 ©
When he was nearly 60-years old Edwin F. Walker went to
work full time as a research assistant at the Southwest Museum. For well over
the next twenty years he was their “salvage archaeology” front man. When a call
came into the Museum that archaeological material had turned up in some
construction or agricultural project, Walker was usually the first museum
representative to investigate the find1. In addition, he was
interested in expanding awareness of the importance of Native American
cultures, especially in southern California, as well as teaching archaeological
methods2.
Walker has a number of publications to his credit of which Five Prehistoric Archeological Sites in Los Angeles County,
California3 is the most well known. This 1952 monograph is a compilation of
site reports on five important southern California archaeological sites he had
excavated between 1936 and 1945.
The following
brief overview of Walker’s life was undertaken to provide additional background
information relevant to the expanding online access of the Southwest Museum’s
collections. As more information about the collections becomes available,
questions naturally arise; “Who collected this stuff and why was it done in the
first place?”
Walker’s story
proved more compelling than had been expected. Not only did he have a long and
successful career in the garment industry in Chicago and Los Angeles; but at
the age of 23 he went to New Mexico to mine gold and, along with a boyhood
friend and a couple of burros, walked to Los Angeles. In the early 1920s he
moved to Los Angeles and lived in a Spanish style house designed by Paul
Williams, a preeminent African American architect. He also established a brick
and tile manufacturing business intent on using “ancient methods of production”
and late in life began a new career in archaeology.
Edwin “Ned”
Francis Walker was born December 13, 1872 in Chicago Illinois4.
His father,
Francis Horton Walker (1845-1919) was born in Arlington, Massachusetts and
about 1870 moved to Illinois, settling in Evanston were he was in the real
estate and publishing business5.
His mother, Marilla Antoinette Metcalf (1844-1916) was
listed in the 1910 US Census as a nurse.
Both Walker’s parents came from old
New England families. His paternal grandfather, Edwin Rice Walker (1808-1883)
was a tailor6. However, Edwin Francis
was only 10 years old when his grandfather died, in Massachusetts, so it seems
unlikely that the grandfather had an influence on his future career in the
garment industry.
Walker’s maternal grandfather was Mason Jerome Metcalf
(1807-1883), an inventor of some note who lived in Boston, Massachusetts and
Monmouth, Maine7. Mason is worthy of a study in his own right. His
most noteworthy inventions included a method of producing letter stencils by
means of dies, a fence made of excess slabs from sawmills and a ventilation
fan. He also experimented with models for flying machines, involving a
propeller.
About 1890 Edwin graduated from High School in Evanston8,
however it is not known if he ever attended college.
C. Adventure,
Business & Marriage
Within five years of leaving High School Walker was ready for adventure and headed to the gold fields of
New Mexico. His year out West is chronicled in an often humorous manuscript
written for his two sons in 1938 and later published in 1985 by the Tucson
Corral of Westerners, 1600 Mile Trip by
Burro - Albuquerque to Los Angeles, 1895-18969:
TO EDWIN F.
WALKER, JR. AND WINSLOW M. WALKER.
Here are the
Western stories you listened to so respectfully, and so often, from the time
you were able to sit up and take notice. January, 1895, had found me starting
from Albuquerque, N.M., for the gold camps with three old miners, recommended
as reliable, but not proving up to the advertisement. January, 1896, had found
me in California with Royce Armstrong. He and I had traveled some two thousand
miles throughout the Southwest with burros, having had the sundry adventures
recounted herewith. During the year I had lived with an outlaw in a mining
camp; had been staked by Royce, who joined me mining; and in the course of time
three more Evanston fellows joined us. Later, when a Texas bronco-buster also
joined our outfit, we all started on a bear hunt in southwestern New Mexico.
There the outfit split up, most of the fellows staying on thereabouts, whereas
Royce and I headed for the coast. You will recognize substitution of names for
a few of the characters encountered on the trip, - the obvious reason being
that the record is uncomplimentary, or worse; but with such exceptions the
stories are "as is".
Dad
Christmas,
1938
One can’t help but think that Walker was influenced by Charles Lummis’ 1884-85 “tramp” from
Cincinnati to Los Angeles10. In a number of ways Walker’s trip mirrored the Lummis tramp; a focus on hunting, the
“romance” of the West, a route often following the railroad, and an interest in
ruins. The big difference was Walkers apparent hope of striking it rich gold
mining.
Edwin F.
Walker: 1600 Mile Trip by Burro
Albuquerque to Los Angeles, 1895-1896
Sufficed to say a fortune was not made out
West and it was time to get back to Chicago and start a career.
His first job appears to have been with Chase & Sanborn
in Chicago11. This is consistent with
the 1900 census listing of his occupation as “Sec. in Tea & Coffee House.”
1900 was also the year Walker married
Harriet Howe Fitch in Hopkinton, Massachusetts12. Given the location of the marriage, it seems likely that
there was some family connection through the Walkers, who were from the same
part of Massachusetts as the Fitches. He might also have met Miss Fitch when
visiting relatives, as he had a namesake uncle, and three similar age female
cousins, who may well have been living in Norfolk, Massachusetts at the time13.
Interestingly, Harriet’s father, Appleton Fitch, is living
in Massachusetts in 1900, but in 1910 he is in Evanston, Illinois. In both the
1900 and 1910 census he states he is married, however there is no record of his
wife. The Census also states that Appleton was a farmer and a plow
manufacturer. Perhaps he knew Edwin’s grandfather Mason Jerome Metcalf, who in
addition to the previously mentioned inventions, is known to have invented “a
plough having a revolving cylinder with curved teeth, that could turn up the
soil and at the same time pulverize it14. ”
There were five Fitch sisters, a brother died young. One of
the sisters, Lucy, married in 1891 Dwight H. Perkins (1867-1941) who became
famous as an architect in Chicago, a leading exponent of the "Prairie
School". Lucy Fitch Perkins (1865-1937) wrote and illustrated the popular
“Twins” series of books in the 1910s and ‘20s15.
In 1903, Winslow Metcalf the first of two sons is born to
Edwin and Harriet. He is follow in 1908 by Edwin Francis Jr. In 1905 Edwin’s
only sibling, Alice Marilla Walker married Walter Couper Johnston and soon
moved with him to Fort Collins, Colorado16.
Following his tenure in the tea and coffee business, Edwin
went into the retail dry goods business. In the 1910 census he is identified as
a “Dept. Store Manager,” apparently with Marshall Field & Co., Chicago17.
Also in about 1910 he built a 3,780 square-foot two and a
half-story wood frame house at the corner of Elm and Lincoln Street in
Evanston, where the Walker family lived until moving to California in the early
1920s18. The Walker house is located next door to the 1903 house of
Dwight and Lucy Perkins.
Walker Residence 1910-192?:
2333 Lincoln Street,
Evanston, Illinois, 2008
Goggle Maps Street View.
In 1913 Walker received a passport apparently for a
business trip, as he traveled alone to Europe in December 191319.
His World War I draft registration card lists his
occupation as “division manager, Sears & Roebuck”, which is consistent with
the 1920 census listing as “manager, mail order.” In both cases his wife is
listed as well and his address is in Evanston, Illinois. Edwin is also said to
have worked for John Wanamaker of New York, although when and under what
circumstances is not know20.
D. California in
the 1920s
Walker’s mother, Marilla, is reported by an online genealogical
posting as having died in Los Angeles, California in 1916, however, this place
and date could not be verified. A record was found stating that Francis H.
Walker died in Evanston, Illinois on May 30, 1919. No other information on the
death of Walker’s parents was found21.
In 1920 Walker and his family were living
in Evanston, Illinois. But their lives were soon to dramatically change. The
lure of the West got the better of Edwin and he and the family moved to Los
Angeles. He was soon working for Bullock’s Department Store, although it is not
know which came first, the job or the move22.
Walker’s arrival in Los Angeles many have been in the early
1920s, although his first and only residence listing in the City of Pasadena
Directory is for the year 1926. He is also listed in the 1927 Directory, but no
residence location is given and there are no listings in subsequent years; nor
were their listing in the few existing pre-1950 Flintridge Directories.
In 1924 a 3,200 square-foot tile-roof Mediterranean style
house was designed by architect Paul R. Williams, apparently for Walker, and
build at 1103 Roanoke Place in the Flintridge hills above Pasadena23.
Paul R. Williams, an African American, became a noted architect, who designed
many “homes for the stars” in the ‘30s and ‘40s, in addition to a number of
commercial buildings in Los Angeles. William’s first house in Flintridge was in
1921, making the Walker house one of his earliest commissions. Terraces at the
rear of the multi-level structure take fully advantage of the commanding views
of the San Gabriel Mountains and the valley below.
The Bullock’s job appears to have gone well, as there was
another business trip to Europe from late 1925 into early 192624. An
article in the Los Angeles Times from March 1926 “Expert Remarks on Men’s
Styles” quotes Walker, from Europe, commenting on Californians being more
enamored with the colors and originality of France and Italian fashion, as
opposed to New Yorkers and Chicagoans who went in more for the colder grayer
tones of England. Note that he is talking about men’s fashion here, as the
merchandise director of Bullock’s men’s store25.
August 1926 saw a
major career change. A July 1926 Los Angeles
Times
article, “Walker is to Direct Sales Unit,” states that Senator Frank P. Flint
has appointed Walker as sales manager for the new subdivision of Flintridge.
This article also states that Walker is to leave Bullocks “next month” to enter
the realestate field. There is mention of Walker’s Flintridge estate designed
by Paul R. Williams, with a garden landscaped by Helen Deusner, and that the
garden has been the recent subject of an oil painting by Dwight H. Perkins26.
In about 1927 Dwight H. Perkins, suffering from ill health,
he’d had a stroke two years before, purchased the lot next door to the Walkers.
The following year a 3,800 sq. ft. house, similar in style to the Walker house
(almost certainly another Paul Williams design), was constructed on this lot.
The idea was that the two families would next door to each other again, just
like they had been in Evanston, Illinois27. However, it could not be
verified that Perkins ever lived in the 1109 Roanoke house.
Voting records for Los Angeles County indicate that the
Walker family moved from the 1103 Roanoke next door to 1109 Roanoke sometime
between 1930 and 1934 and that the 1103 house has subsequently had at least
five owners. Walker, along with his wife, son Winslow and daughter-in-law,
lived at 1109 Roanoke until he died in 1956. His wife and son may have live
there for another year of two.
Lucy died in 1937 on a visit to Pasadena, and Dwight died
in New Mexico in 1941 soon after leaving his winter home, said to be in
Pasadena.
During the
1926-28 period there are several LA Times articles that identify Walker as a resident sale manager for the
Flintridge Sales Company28. He is also listed as “slsmgr Flintridge
Co.” in the 1927 City of Pasadena Directory, the only such listing. In one
article he is identified as sales manager of the “Linda Vista unit in
Flintridge Highlands, the first piece of Flintridge property to be offered for
sale . . . on the Arroyo side of Flintridge . . . the tract is entirely within
the city limits of Pasadena.”
1927 saw other adventures in business as well. Once again
the Los Angeles Times adds insight into Walkers activities, this time from
November 192729. The byline read “Factory Uses Ancient Tools” and
describes the inception of International Clay Products, Inc. of Alhambra. This
manufacturing concern, of which Walker is identified as the president, is
described as employing 35 workers, to be expanded to 135 within a year, intent
on producing “authentic” Mexican tiles and pottery. The 18.5 acre plant in
Alhambra, adjacent the Midwick Club, is said to have been established following
a two year search, resulting in its selection because of the “excellence” of
the high aluminum content clay.
This would indicate that the inception of the pottery
business was in about 1925, or soon after Walker arrived in California.
The location adjacent the Midwick Club, refers to the
Midwick Country Club, an exclusive golf club established in 1912 in the
southern portion of Alhambra, adjacent the City of Monterey Park, between
Fremont Avenue and Atlantic Boulevard, north of Garvey Avenue. The 208 acre
club property was subdivided for housing in the mid-1940s. A remnant bit of
open space was retained and was donated to Los Angeles County as Granada Park.
30
In 1930 International Clay Products, Inc., according to the
only listing in Alhambra City Directories, was located at 2727 South Fremont
Avenue, which on the west side of Fremont north of Garvey Avenue.31 The
plant was therefore apparently located with the triangle formed by the
intersection of Fremont Avenue and Garvey Avenue. The site is now occupied by
single and multi-family residential development and St. Steven's Serbian Orthodox
Cathedral, construction of which began in 1949.
The LA Times article states that plans were being made “to
make the plant itself one of artistic beauty;” and that a “great wall” had been
built around the site “made of adobe brick and decorated with some of the
finest of the plant’s pottery production.”
Unfortunately, the pottery was not to last; it was a
causality of the 1929 crash and is purported to have left Walker broke32.
But the collapse of the pottery launched Walker on what was to be the most
productive time of his life.
The financial calamity of 1929 brought about the closure of
International Clay Products, Inc., and the collapse of the real estate market.
But whatever his financial misfortune, Walker moved into the bigger house next
door at 1109 Roanoke, as well as into a new, and seemingly perfect “retirement”
job - research assistant at the Southwest Museum.
How Walker first became acquainted with Museum’s long-term
(1932-1956) Director Frederick Webb Hodge, and if he had a connection with
Charles Lummis is not known. Walker clearly had a long time love of the West,
enhanced and no doubt romanticized as his stories of his walk from Los Angeles
to Albuquerque were told and retold, year after year. It would be interesting
to know what stimulated Walker’s interest in making pottery using the “methods
of the ancients;” and did he attended any of Lummis’ legendary festivities at El Alisal, although by the 1920s such
hospitality had pretty much ended33.
Also of note is that Hodge lived at 1375 Lida Street, Linda
Vista, Pasadena from 1932 until just prior to his death in 195634.
This is just a couple of miles from, and on a main street to, Walker’s house.
Given Walker’s real estate activity in the area, it seems likely that he some
involvement in Hodges rather modest 2,640 sq. ft. single-story house.
Whatever the circumstances, Walker landed him a full time
position with the Museum and for the next twenty-two years he was a primary
investigator whenever an archaeological find came to the museum’s attention. In
addition, he instigated a number of digs and participated in numerous
archaeological projects throughout California.
Winslow Metcalf Walker, clearly influenced by his father,
became a professional archaeologist, who worked extensively in the Southeastern
US. Winslow graduated from Williams College, Williamstown MA in 192333
and worked primarily for the U. S. Bureau of American Ethnology. His most
notable contribution was a comprehensive field survey in the late 1920s of
archaeological sites on Maui, Hawaii. In 1933/34 he was co-leader of a Civil
Works Administration (Tulamniu
CWA Project SLF-76) excavation of a group of large Yokut shell mounds near
Taft, California and was assisted by his father34. This was the only
record found of the father and son working together on an archaeological
project.
Much of the archaeology Edwin Walker undertook would be
characterized today as “salvage archaeology,” i.e. a project to investigate a
prehistoric site about to be destroyed by some development activity. Field
notes of these digs and investigations are on file at the Braun Library at the
Southwest Museum. Walker was often accompanied on the projects by a regular
group of trusted volunteer diggers, including a Boy Scout Explorer group. Lists
of volunteers are contained in his field notes.
A listing of Walker’s publications is included as Appendix
A. Key publications that give some idea of his range of interests includes:
- A Yokuts Cemetery at Elk Hills,
- Introduction to Archeological Survey of 29 Palms Region,
- World Crops Derived from the Indians,
- American Indian Background,
- The Notable Treaty with the Navaho. and
Five Prehistoric
Archeological Sites in Los Angeles County, published
in 1952 (with several reprints), is Walkers most notable work. This survey
report is a compilation of site reports on five important southern
California archaeological sites he had excavated between 1936 and 1945. A brief
overview of these sites follows:
1) San Fernando Site (Porter Ranch) - excavations in Jan/Feb. 1936
In January 1936 a foreman
at the Christian-Porter Ranch driving a tractor uncovered a number of ground
stone artifacts. This 200-acre Ranch was once part of a 54,000-acre grant that
comprised the Porter family land holdings in the western San Fernando Valley.
A number of stone objects,
including broken bowls and metates, as well as un-worked stone, were found in
well-defined clusters or in “T” shaped piles.
This primary site was
interpreted by Walker to be “ceremonial” for want of a better explanation, as
there was no evidence of habitation or a cemetery.
2) Malaga Cove - excavations in Nov. 1936 - July 1938
The Palos
Verdes bluffs and dune areas along the coast have long been known to have
concentrations of prehistoric sites. Malaga Cove, at the point were sandy beach
reaches the Palos Verdes headlands, was known as a particularly rich location.
In 1935
the Southwest Museum, in conjunction with the University of Southern
California, decided to undertake a major local excavation with the hope of
teaching students archaeological field techniques. The Malaga Cove site was
chosen as the most promising dig location.
This site
was interpreted by Walker to represent a temporal sequence of cultural deposits
within a large mound buried by dune sands. This interpretation, further refined
by William J. Wallace in 1955, was used to define a four-horizon cultural
sequence applicable to all of southern California. This sequence, though to be
uniquely represented at the Malaga Cove local, remains the standard prehistoric
cultural chronology used to this day.
3) Sheldon Reservoir - excavation in
October 1938
During the
expansion of the Sheldon Reservoir, a covered water reservoir owned by the City
of Pasadena, a large stone bowl was uncovered. The Southwest Museum was called
and excavations undertaken in an area of about 30’ by 80’.
Two
distinct levels of very badly preserved human remains were discovered at the
site. The finds comprised the remains of over 50 adults (the bones of children
would probably not have been preserved given soil conditions.) In addition,
about 10 stone cairns, piles of 35 to 200 orange size stones and broken worked
stone, were found about 10’ north of the burials. These stone deposits had apparently
originally been buried in shallow pits.
4) Chatsworth Cairns - excavations in
March - April 1939
Workers in
a Lemon Grove on the Fried Ranch near where Canoga Avenue now crosses under the
118 (Simi Valley) Freeway discovered stone artifacts. The owners contacted the
Southwest Museum and a dig was undertaken.
Two
concentrations of stone cairns of un-worked stone, along with broken ground
stone artifacts, were found in what had apparently been small pits. The cairns
were in sterile soil just below the ground level, one being 28’ x 40’ and the
other being about 33’ x 26’. The two sites were about 65’ apart.
This site
was interpreted by Walker to be possibly associated with prehistoric
ceremonies, in particular the “Mourning Ceremonies,” (see discussion for Big
Tujunga Wash below.) No primary burials, evidence of habitation or evidence of
food processing was discovered. However, extensive occupation, burial sites and
food processing locations are known from the general area.
5) Big Tujunga Wash - excavation in July
1945
This site
was discovered at the rear of what was probably a half-acre property located at
the southeast corner of Foothill Blvd. and Orcas Avenue in Lake View Terrace.
The owner, William Loyd McFee was plowing for a Victory Garden when stone
artifacts began to appear. Mr. McFee contacted the Southwest Museum, which than
began a dig in the garden.
The site
was interpreted by Walker to be the location of prehistoric “Mourning
Ceremonies” associated with a large Native American village located near the
confluence of the Big and Little Tujunga drainages about 500’ south of the
McFee garden. The ceremony apparently involved offering gifts to important dead
tribal members, that constituted the considerable number of broken stone bowls
and other broken artifacts found at the site. This is one of the largest, if
not the largest, concentration of such material ever discovered in southern
California.
Edwin Francis Walker died December 3, 1956 at his home,
1109 Roanoke Pl., Flintridge, within months of retiring from Museum work, and
just two months after the passing of his friend, mentor and long time Southwest
Museum Director Frederick Webb Hodge, as well as. The location of Walkers
remains was not identified.
An interesting footnote is that from about 1956, until her
death in 1986, the wife of the owner of Walker’s original Flintridge home at
1103 Roanoke Pl. was the adopted daughter of Walker’s sidekick, and boyhood
friend Royce Armstrong, on his 1895/96 walk from Albuquerque to Los Angeles. 36
Endnotes
1 1600 Mile Trip by Burro Albuquerque to Los Angeles, 1895-1896 by Edwin F. Walker, Tucson Corral of the
Westerners, Spring & Fall ’85, Combined Issue 45 & 46.
2Ibid.
3 Five Prehistoric Archeological Sites in Los Angeles County,
California; Edwin Francis Walker. Los Angeles: Southwest
Museum, 1952. 116 p.: ill.; 26 cm. Publications of the Frederick Webb Hodge
Anniversary Publication Fund, v. 6.
4State of California. California Death Index, 1940-1997.
Sacramento, CA, USA: State of California Department of Health Services, Center
for Health Statistics, about
Edwin F Walker
5United States Census, 1900 and 1910, Evanston, Cook County,
Illinois.
6 United
States Census, 1850, 1860 and 1880, Middlesex County, Massachusetts.
7 The
Twentieth Century Biographical Dictionary of Notable Americans: Volume VII page
362
81600 Mile Trip by Burro Albuquerque to Los Angeles, 1895-1896 by Edwin F. Walker, Tucson Corral of the
Westerners, Spring & Fall ’85, Combined Issue 45 & 46.
9 Ibid.
10 Charles F. Lummis, A
Tramp Across the Continent, Charles Scribners, New York 1892.
111600 Mile Trip by Burro Albuquerque to Los Angeles, 1895-1896 by Edwin F. Walker, Tucson Corral of the
Westerners, Spring & Fall ’85, Combined Issue 45 & 46.
12Mass. Vital Records,
1841-1910, 501:389. At marriage, Edwin resided in Evanston, IL, Harriet in
Hopkinton, MA.
13US Census, 1880 Hyde Park, Norfolk, Massachusetts.
14 The
Twentieth Century Biographical Dictionary of Notable Americans: Volume VII pg
362.
15Biography
of Lucy H. Perkins by C.D. Merriman for Jalic Inc., 2006.
15US Census 1900, 1910 Evanston, Cook County, IL; 1910 Fort
Collins Ward 3, Larimer, CO.
171600 Mile Trip by Burro Albuquerque to Los Angeles, 1895-1896 by Edwin F. Walker, Tucson Corral of the
Westerners, Spring & Fall ’85, Combined Issue 45 & 46.
18US Census 1900, 1910 Evanston, Cook County, IL; www.Zillow.com real estate evaluations and
Goggle Maps; Blum, Betty J., Oral History
of Lawrence Bradford Perkings, 1986, Art Institute of Chicago, pg11.
19Passenger Lists
of Vessels Arriving at New York, New York, 1820-1897; (National Archives
Microfilm Publication M237, 675 rolls); Records of the U.S. Customs Service,
Record Group 36; National Archives, Washington, D.C.
201600 Mile Trip by Burro Albuquerque to Los Angeles, 1895-1896 by Edwin F. Walker, Tucson Corral of the
Westerners, Spring & Fall ’85, Combined Issue 45 & 46.
21Illinois Statewide Death Index, 1916–1950 Walker, Francis
0016981 Cook, Evanston; Filed 19-06-11.
221600 Mile Trip by Burro Albuquerque to Los Angeles, 1895-1896 by Edwin F. Walker, Tucson Corral of the
Westerners, Spring & Fall ’85, Combined Issue 45 & 46.
231103 Roanoke Place, Flintridge, California People
Associated with this address: Paul Revere Williams, architect 1924 E.F. Walker
residence http://www.movielanddirectory.com/tour-location.cfm?location=1657; www.Zillow.com
real estate evaluations; Goggle Maps, and Hudson, Karen E. Paul R. Williams, Architect, Rizzoli Internationals, Inc. 1993, pg. 230.
24New York Passenger Lists, 1820-1957, Name: Edwin F Walker,
Arrival Date: 2 Mar 1926.
25Los Angeles Times, Feb 21, 1926, pg. B3, “Expert Remarks on
Men’s Styles” by Sherley Hunter.
26Los Angeles Times, July 25, 1926, pg. E4, “Walker is to
Direct Sales Unit.”
27Oral History of Lawrence
Bradford Perkings, 1986,
Art Institute of Chicago, pg24.
28Los Angeles Times: Oct 3, 1926, pg E4 “Exclusive Residence
and Scenic Vistas at Estates Near Arroyo”; Oct 10, 1926, pg E10 “Highland Tract
Opens”; Nov 14, 1926, pg E4, “Flintridge Enjoys New Sales Rise”; Mar 27, 1927,
pg. E4, “Chicagoan Buys Home on Hilltop”;
29Los Angeles Times, Nov 6, 1927, pg. E7, “Factory Uses
Ancient Tools.”
30“Movie Making Exterior Locations - Midwick Country Club,
California” from http://faculty.oxy.edu/jerry/homeloc.htm#midwick
(a web site established by Occidental College, Los Angeles, California.)
31City of Alhambra City Directories 1926-1932, Alhambra
Historical Society.
321600 Mile Trip by Burro Albuquerque to Los Angeles, 1895-1896 by Edwin F. Walker, Tucson Corral of the
Westerners, Spring & Fall ’85, Combined Issue 45 & 46.
33Thomson, Mark “American Character - The Curious Life of
Charles Fletcher Lummis and the Rediscovery of the Southwest” Arcade
Publishing, New York, 2001.
34Wayte, Beverly, At
the Arroyo’s Edge - A History of Linda Vista, Historical Society of
Southern California and Linda Vista/Annandale Association, Los Angeles, 1993,
pg 88-90.
35Williams College, Williamstown Mass., 1922-23 list of
graduates.
36Smithsonian Institution Research Information System
(SIRIS)), Archives, Manuscripts, Photographs Catalog; Tulamniu
Project Records 1905-1937; 1933-1934, Smithsonian Institution Bureau of
American Ethnology Tulamniu Project.
361600 Mile Trip by Burro Albuquerque to Los Angeles, 1895-1896 by Edwin F. Walker, Tucson Corral of the
Westerners, Spring & Fall ’85, Combined Issue 45 & 46; interview with
2008 owner of 1103 Roanoke Pl, Mr. Robert Toaz; Los Angeles County Voter
Registration Index, 1956 and 1958.
Appendix A -
Publications of Edwin Francis Walker
Articles
from the Southwest Museum Journal “The Masterkey Anthropology of the Americas”
are all found at the Southwest
Museum Braun Research Library:
1933
Desert
Arrows with Wooden Points: The Masterkey Vol. 7, No. 4; 570.6 Sm v.7
1936
A Ceremonial Site at Porter Ranch, San Fernando: The
Masterkey Vol. 10, No. 1-6; 570.6 Sm v.10
Introduction to An Archeological Survey of the Twentynine Palms Region, by E. W. C.
Campbell. Southwest Museum Papers 7 (reprinted in American Antiquity Vol 4, No.
4 April 1945.)
1937
Sequence of Prehistoric Material Culture at Malaga Cove: The
Masterkey Vol. 11, No. 1-6; 570.6 Sm v. 11
1938
Indians of Southern California;
The Pasadenan: official publication of the Pasadena Muncipal
Employees’ Assn., Dec. 1938, Jan. 1939. Pasadena,
Calif.: The Pasadenan, 1938-1939. [10]
p. : ill. ; 30 cm. EPH.970.33.118
Indians of California: The Masterkey Vol. 12, No. 1.; 570.6 LA Sm v.12
Report by the Assistant Curator: The Masterkey Vol. 12, No. 2.; 570.6 Sm v.12
Four Haida House-Posts: The Masterkey Vol. 12, No. 3.; 570.6 LA Sm v.12
Through the Eyes of Third Graders:
The Masterkey Vol. 12, No. 6.; 570.6
Sm v.12
1939
A Cemetery of Prehistoric Indians in Pasadena:
The Masterkey Vol. 13, No. 1, 570.6 Sm v.13
Prehistoric Mortuary Cairns at Chatsworth, California:
The Masterkey Vol. 13, No. 4. 570.6 Sm v.13
1940 (abt., nd)
Indians of Southern California; Southwest Museum Pamphlet No. 10, softbound pamphlet 12mo.
9 b/w illus. 16 pages.
1941
Finding an Old Paiute Mush Basket:
Vol. 15, No. 1, 1941. 570.6 Sm v.15
1943
“How Did Indians Make Their Glass Beads?”:
The Masterkey Vol. 17, No. 1. 570.6 Sm v.17
A
Real Mexican Atlatl: The Masterkey Vol. 17, No. 3. 570.6 Sm v.17
World
Crops Derived from Indians: The Masterkey Vol. 17, No. 4. 570.6 Sm v.17
World Crops Derived from Indians (II):
The Masterkey Vol. 17, No. 5. 570.6 Sm v.17 (these two articles also published
as Southwest Museum Pamphlet
No. 17, 7.75" X 5”. 16 pages, 1967)
Indians
of Southern California: The Masterkey Vol. 17, No. 6. 570.6 Sm v.17
1945
America’s
Indian Background: The Masterkey Vol. 19, No. 1. 570.6 Sm v.19
America’s
Indian Background (II): The Masterkey Vol. 19, No. 3. 570.6 Sm v.19
America’s Indian Background (III):
The Masterkey Vol. 19, No. 4. 570.6 Sm v.19 (these three articles also
published as Southwest Museum
Pamphlet No. 18, softbound 7.50" x 5", 19 pages, n.d.)
The
Dig at Big Tujunga Wash: The Masterkey Vol. 19, No. 6. 570.6 Sm v.19
1946
An
Eskimo Harpoon-thrower: The Masterkey Vol. 20, No. 6. 570.6 Sm v.20
1948
League of the Iroquois, the Inspiration for the United States of
America: The Masterkey Vol. 22, No. 4. The Masterkey 570.6 Sm v.22
1949
Slavery of Indians as Instituted by Columbus:
The Masterkey Vol. 23, No. 1. 570.6 Sm v.23
The Notable Treaty with the Navaho: The Masterkey Vol. 23, No. 5. 570.6 Sm v.23
1952
Boomerangs:
The Masterkey Vol. 26, No. 1. 570.6 Sm v.26
Five
Prehistoric Archeological Sites in Los Angeles County, California;
Los Angeles: Southwest Museum, 1952. 116 p.: ill.; 26 cm. Publications of the
Frederick Webb Hodge Anniversary Publication Fund, v.6. (reprints 1961, 1974)
1963
Excavation
of a Yokuts Indian Cemetery; Kern County Historical Society; soft cover.
1985
1600 Mile Trip by Burro Albuquerque to Los Angeles, 1895-1896 Tucson Corral of the Westerners, Spring
& Fall ’85, Combined Issue 45 & 46.
